Method for preparing carbon-based monatomic material based on freeze-drying method, carbon-based monatomic material and application of carbon-based monatomic material

The invention belongs to the technical field of materials, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a carbon-based monatomic material based on a freeze-drying method, the carbon-based monatomic material and application of the carbon-based monatomic material, and the method comprises the following steps: dissolving a template agent, a nitrogen-containing compound, an organic carbon compound and a water-soluble metal salt in water, and freeze-drying to obtain a precursor; placing the precursor in a reaction furnace, and carrying out first heat treatment and template removal in a protective atmosphere to obtain a first heat treatment product; dispersing the first heat treatment product into water, and performing suction filtration and drying to obtain a first heat treatment material; and carrying out second heat treatment on the first heat treatment material in a protective atmosphere to obtain the carbon-based monatomic material. The cost can be reduced, the raw materials used in the synthesis process