Ball bearing test loading device with reversing function and test method

The invention belongs to the technical field of aero-engines, and provides a ball bearing test loading device with a reversing function and a test method, and the device comprises a double-head oil cylinder which is provided with a telescopic rod; the end of the telescopic rod is connected with a pulling and pressing sleeve through an adapter assembly and used for pulling or pushing the pulling and pressing sleeve to move in the axial direction. The end part of the bearing outer bush is detachably connected with the pulling and pressing sleeve, and a bearing is fixedly mounted on the inner surface of the bearing outer bush and used for driving the bearing to move in the axial direction; the inner ring of the bearing is provided with a test shaft. Through the arrangement of the adapter assembly, the pulling and pressing sleeve can reciprocate along the axis, the pulling and pressing sleeve is detachably connected with the bearing outer lining through the screw, the bearing outer lining moves along with the pul