Multifunctional self-adaptive variable-stiffness damping device and mounting method thereof

The invention belongs to the technical field of building vibration control, and relates to a multifunctional self-adaptive variable-stiffness damping device and a mounting method thereof, and the multifunctional self-adaptive variable-stiffness damping device comprises a viscous damper and a variable-stiffness component. The variable stiffness component is provided with a pre-pressing spring and is connected with the viscous damper through a rigid frame, a connecting rod and a shear key to form a deformation-coordinated whole. Through effective combination of self-adaptive rigidity, shear keys and an energy dissipation mechanism, the damping device is of a self-balancing structure in the initial state, and the functions of a common support, a negative-rigidity damper and a positive-rigidity damper are sequentially shown along with increase of earthquake intensity; functional transformation and rigidity change are achieved through shear key failure and a deformation mechanism of the pre-pressing spring. Accord