Catalyst for converting and recovering methyl chlorosilane synthesis tail gas and preparation method and application thereof

The invention belongs to the field of catalytic recovery of methyl chlorosilane synthesis tail gas, and particularly relates to a catalyst for converting and recovering methyl chlorosilane synthesis tail gas as well as a preparation method and application of the catalyst. The catalyst is composed of a metal carrier, an active component and an auxiliary agent, and the metal carrier is gamma-activated aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide; the active component is chlorides of nickel, tin and palladium; the auxiliary agent is acidic clay. The method comprises the following steps: mixing methyl chlorosilane synthesis tail gas and hydrogen chloride gas in a gas mixer, heating by a gas preheater and a gas superheater, and reacting in a fixed bed reactor under the catalysis of a catalyst to convert methane in the methyl chlorosilane synthesis tail gas into methane chloride; and the collected methane chloride is returned to the system to serve as a raw material for synthesizing methyl chlorosilane, so that the utilizati