Receiving and decoding circuit based on symmetric differential non-return-to-zero coding and two-bus communication method

The invention provides a receiving and decoding circuit based on symmetrical differential non-return-to-zero coding and a two-bus communication method, and the circuit comprises a rectification and power supply module which is used for rectifying a power supply with uncertain polarity input by a bus into a DC power supply, and carrying out the voltage reduction and stabilization of the DC power supply, so as to enable other modules to work; the differential comparator is used for detecting the polarity of a differential signal input by a bus and converting the differential signal into a single-ended signal for being processed by a digital circuit so as to receive and decode the single-ended signal; the RC oscillator is used for generating a clock signal required by the digital circuit; and the digital circuit is used for processing a single-ended signal generated by the differential comparator by using a direct-current power supply generated by the rectification and power supply module and a clock signal gene