Low-altitude optical attitude determination three-component magnetic measurement system and method for measuring magnetic field vector data

The invention discloses a low-altitude optical attitude determination three-component magnetic measurement system and a method for measuring magnetic field vector data, and belongs to the field of geophysical exploration. Laser light sources are respectively installed and positioned on two small-sized low-altitude aviation carriers, and a camera assembly of a micro image sensor and a magnetic field vector measurement system are installed on the other aviation carrier; the space attitude of the camera is calculated by using image data instantaneously observed by the camera, the magnetic field vector measuring element of the same carrier as the camera obtains accurate and controllable attitude information, and finally geomagnetic vector data in a true geographic coordinate environment is calculated. The attitude determination mode of an expensive inertial navigation device is avoided, and the system is low in cost, small in size, light in aerial load, low in energy consumption and suitable for long-time aerial