Diesel engine crankshaft axial movement detection system and method

The invention relates to a diesel engine crankshaft axial movement detection system which comprises a crankshaft axial vibration signal acquisition unit, a crankshaft axial vibration signal transmission mechanism and a vibration reference signal acquisition unit. The sensor is used for acquiring crankshaft axial vibration signals; the crankshaft axial vibration signal transmission mechanism is used for transmitting crankshaft axial vibration signals; the vibration reference signal acquisition unit is used for acquiring a vibration reference signal. The engine testing accuracy is improved; the axial vibration signal of the crankshaft of the diesel engine can be directly tested by virtue of the function of outputting a rotation signal by virtue of the slip ring, and interference of the signal on a transmission path is avoided; reference vibration signal correction on a diesel engine cylinder is combined, the influence of axial displacement of a diesel engine body is eliminated, and signal acquisition is accurat