Air bag type supporting system capable of quickly forming retaining and supporting method

The invention relates to an air bag type supporting system and method capable of rapidly forming a support and relates to the technical field of foundation pit supporting, the supporting system comprises a supporting platform, a plurality of supporting pieces are distributed in an annular array mode, and an air bag is arranged between every two adjacent supporting pieces; the multiple fender posts are distributed along the periphery of the foundation pit, and each fender post is provided with an installation piece used for being connected with the corresponding air bag; the air source can be used for inflating and deflating the air bag; the control module is used for monitoring the inclination degree of the fender post and is electrically connected with the air source; the air bag is fixedly arranged at the end, close to the center line of the annular array distribution of the supporting pieces, of the air bag, the built-in pieces are fixedly arranged in the air bag, the supporting pieces are clamped by infla