Shallow stratum surveying device and method based on photoelectric composite cable

The invention provides a shallow stratum surveying device and method based on a photoelectric composite cable, and relates to the technical field of seismic exploration. The photoelectric composite cable is buried in the micro-logging well, the ground detonating machine and the well bottom detonating device are connected through the cable in the photoelectric composite cable, and the wellhead excitation source is matched, so that ground excitation and in-well receiving or well bottom excitation and ground receiving can be flexibly realized, and uplink seismic wave data and downlink seismic wave data can be obtained at the same time; the two groups of data are respectively processed, and the obtained shallow stratum elastic parameters can be mutually verified, so that the geological survey accuracy is effectively ensured. Besides, distribution of longitudinal and transverse wave speeds and longitudinal and transverse wave attenuation coefficients of the shallow stratum of the two-dimensional or three-dimension