Method and device for quickly calculating atmospheric transmissivity of microwave band

The invention provides a microwave band atmospheric transmittance rapid calculation method and device.The method comprises the steps that on the basis of a representative profile set in the global range, oxygen and water vapor absorption is considered, meanwhile, ozone and nitrogen absorption is considered, and a microwave monochromatic atmospheric transmittance database is constructed; based on the database and in combination with a spectral response function of the spaceborne instrument, determining the average channel transmittance of each channel of the spaceborne instrument, and determining an atmospheric transmittance regression coefficient on each air pressure layer of the representative profile set; by increasing the prediction factor of the ozone, the local change of the ozone is considered on the basis of only considering the local change of the water vapor originally; and improving a vertical interpolation method of the atmospheric water vapor and ozone profile, and further determining the microwav