Rare earth dust recovery method

The invention discloses a rare earth dust recovery method which comprises the following steps: feeding flue gas generated by rare earth electrolysis into spray towers, discharging the flue gas after the flue gas sequentially passes through three stages of spray towers, enabling solid substances in the flue gas to sink into liquid levels at the bottoms of the spray towers by spraying alkali liquor in the spray towers, and discharging liquid at the bottoms of the spray towers into a sedimentation tank, and after precipitation, precipitated rare earth dust at the bottom of the precipitation tank is taken out. According to the recovery method and device, through the recovery arrangement of the three stages of spray towers, double-layer dust removal of the adsorption layer and the spray layer is adopted in each stage of spray tower, and the addition amount of alkali liquor components is reasonably controlled, so that dust in the flue gas generated in the rare earth electrolysis process can be effectively recovered