Drill rod structure and drilling machine

The drill rod structure comprises a rod body, a drill bit assembly and a locking mechanism, and a cavity with an opening is formed in the bottom of the rod body; the drill bit assembly comprises a drill bit and a core pipe connected to the drill bit, the end, away from the drill bit, of the core pipe is movably inserted into the cavity, and a matching part is formed on the side wall of the core pipe. The locking mechanism is provided with a locking position and an unlocking position and comprises a locking piece, a movable rod and a sliding rail. One end of the locking piece is locked to the matching part in an unlocking manner, and the other end of the locking piece is connected to the core tube in an unlocking manner through a movable rod; the sliding rail is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the cavity, and the movable rod is slidably connected to the sliding rail. At the locking position, the locking piece is locked at the matching part and can rotate around the axis of the core tube along with