Soil tillage and preparation protective tillage method for improving black soil capacity

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural application. The invention provides a protective farming method for improving soil fertility of black soil, which comprises the following steps: smashing straws, returning the straws to a field to cover the earth surface, and returning the straws covering the earth surface in autumn or spring; deep scarification and rotary tillage are conducted on the planting rows through a strip tillage machine; flat sowing planting is carried out in spring, then base fertilizer is applied, pressing is carried out, and earthing is carried out; weeding treatment and pest control are carried out in the growth period of crops, and straw covering rows are deeply scarified. By means of the cultivation method, full-amount returning of straw to the field is achieved, the physical and chemical properties of soil are improved, and the fertilizer and water retaining capacity of the soil is improved; meanwhile, the problems of slow land temperature rise in the seedling stage