Anchor chain or anchor cable tension dynamic monitoring device and method

The invention belongs to the technical field of anchor chain tension dynamic monitoring, and provides an anchor chain or anchor cable tension dynamic monitoring device and method, which realize monitoring of ship anchor chain stress, and comprises an anchor gear, an anchor chain, an anchor chain stress monitoring device, a lower fixed pulley and an anchor head, the other end passes through the anchor chain stress monitoring device and then bypasses the lowering fixed pulley to be connected with the anchor head; the anchor chain stress monitoring device comprises a shell, an anchor chain directional fixed pulley, a fixed pulley supporting column, a sensing fixed pulley supporting column, a transmission optical fiber and a fiber bragg grating demodulator. Acquiring grating wavelength change of the sensing fixed pulley pillar by using a fiber grating demodulator, and measuring and calculating the tension of the anchor chain by detecting the grating wavelength change of the sensing fixed pulley pillar; the optica