Electroslag ingot capable of replacing forging with rolling and smelting method

The invention relates to a smelting method of an electroslag ingot capable of replacing forging by rolling, which comprises the following steps of: preparing a chuck: annealing a continuous casting billet, processing the continuous casting billet into the chuck after the annealing is completed, turning the chuck into a small head end and a large head end with different diameters at two ends by using a lathe, and processing a groove at a preset position away from the top of the small head end, more than two annular grooves are machined in preset positions away from the top of the large head end; and assembling the electroslag ingot and the chuck: in the smelting process of the electroslag ingot, when the smelting is powered off, hoisting the chuck processed in the step 1 to the upper part of a crystallizer, centering the chuck and the electroslag ingot after the large head end of the chuck is a certain distance away from the opening of the crystallizer, then inserting the large head end of the chuck into slag