Method and system for detecting natural karst cave by muons

The invention discloses a method for detecting a natural karst cave based on cosmic ray muons. The method specifically comprises the following steps: constructing a system parameter model based on mountain shape data; arranging a muon detector outside the mountain; and reconstructing an internal three-dimensional image of the natural karst cave according to transmission muon data obtained by the muon detector. The karst cave detection system comprises a mountain shape data measuring device; a muon detection device; a data processing device; provided is an image reconstruction device. By using the karst cave detection method and system, unique advantages of cosmic ray muons, such as strong penetrating power and strong anti-interference capability, can be reasonably utilized, the position of a cavity can be positioned without entering the karst cave, and workers can be protected from health hazards caused by field exploration, so that a karst cave structure imaging reconstruction method and a detection device a