Track apparent flaw inspection trolley and detection method

The invention provides a track apparent flaw inspection trolley. The track apparent flaw inspection trolley comprises a track inspection trolley body and an operation sensor system installed on the track inspection trolley body. The operation sensor system comprises an encoder for detecting the driving mileage, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for measuring and correcting the coordinates of the track inspection trolley body, and a first image acquisition device for acquiring a 3D image of a track structure; the second image acquisition device is used for acquiring a 3D image of the surrounding environment; and the third image acquisition device is used for acquiring a 2D image of the track structure. The track inspection trolley is used for collecting image data of a track structure, track structure space information is accurately obtained, a track apparent damage detection method is combined, qualitative recognition and quantitative measurement of track visual diseases are achieved, key information such as