Power generation system and method for conducting waste heat removal through supercritical carbon dioxide

The invention provides a power generation system and method for conducting waste heat export through supercritical carbon dioxide. The system comprises a nuclear energy power generation system and a waste heat export system. The nuclear power generation system comprises a reactor; the waste heat leading-out system comprises a circulating pipeline and a cooling box, the circulating pipeline is filled with a cooling working medium for cooling the reactor, the circulating pipeline passes through the reactor and the cooling box, and a coolant for cooling the cooling working medium is arranged in the cooling box; the cooling working medium is supercritical carbon dioxide. The supercritical carbon dioxide is used as a cooling working medium, the supercritical carbon dioxide is a supercritical fluid, the technical problem that the safety of a reactor is reduced due to the fact that the service life of a reactor pressure vessel is shortened due to phase change of a traditional cooling working medium can be avoided, a