Self-inspection retarder capable of storing energy and detection method

The invention provides an energy-storage self-inspection retarder and a detection method, belongs to the field of railway marshalling battle station vehicle speed regulation equipment retarders, and aims to solve the problems that the existing retarder state diagnosis mainly adopts a mushroom treading mode for manual treading judgment, time and labor are consumed, and the randomness is large. Comprising a retarder, an external equipment box is arranged on one side of the retarder, an air inlet nozzle and an exhaust nozzle are arranged on the side wall of the external equipment box, a wind driven generator is arranged in the external equipment box, and an impeller of the wind driven generator faces the communication position of the air inlet nozzle and the external equipment box; an energy storage battery electrically connected with the wind driven generator is also arranged in the external equipment box; the external equipment box is further provided with a signal detection module used for detecting the volta