Asteroid substance three-dimensional distribution rapid acquisition method based on directional energy

The invention provides a method for quickly acquiring three-dimensional distribution of asteroid substances based on directional energy, which comprises the following steps of: S1, launching an approaching detection satellite to a target asteroid, and carrying a directional energy launching load and a spectral analysis load on the approaching detection satellite; s2, approaching the detection satellite to fly at a certain position above the equator of the target asteroid, and transmitting directional energy to a selected position on the surface of the asteroid through the directional energy transmitting load to complete analysis of a coverage area; and S3, the directional energy emission direction is adjusted, the directional energy is made to move in the longitude direction where the area is located so as to complete asteroid substance composition distribution analysis in the longitude direction, then substance composition distribution of the adjacent longitude area not covered by the directional energy is a