Underground optical fiber temperature measurement system and method

The invention belongs to the field of underground temperature monitoring, and provides an underground optical fiber temperature measurement system and method, and the technical scheme is as follows: a plurality of temperature measurement optical cables are installed on different underground channels, the temperature detection data of different underground positions are acquired, light emitted by a laser light source passes through the plurality of temperature measurement optical cables in turn, and the temperature measurement data are acquired; stokes backscattered light and anti-Stokes backscattered light are generated in the plurality of temperature measuring optical cables in sequence and enter the wavelength division multiplexer through the optical switch and the optical fiber circulator, and the Stokes backscattered light and the anti-Stokes backscattered light are separated by the wavelength division multiplexer and then respectively enter the photoelectric detector. The optical signal is converted into