Automatic hoisting structure for in-well weight block for vertical shaft gravity energy storage system, matching method and stacking method

The invention discloses an automatic loading, unloading and stacking method for weight blocks in a shaft of a vertical shaft gravity energy storage system, which comprises a weight block with a convex structure and an automatic lifting appliance which are matched and locked through a linear clamping groove in the surface of the weight block; and the automatic lifting appliance falls down to be in contact with the upper surface of the weight block, and a linear rotating pin at the bottom of the lifting appliance penetrates through a linear clamping groove in the surface of the weight block. A proximity sensor located at the bottom of the automatic lifting appliance sends a contact signal, a motor in the center of the automatic lifting appliance rotates to drive four linear rotating pins at the bottom of the lifting appliance to rotate, and matching and locking of the lifting appliance and a weight block are completed; according to the structure, mechanical cooperation between devices and a simple sensor techno