Emergency cooling and water replenishing device of liquid cooling system

The invention relates to an emergency cooling and water replenishing device of a liquid cooling system. The emergency cooling and water replenishing device of the liquid cooling system comprises a water replenishing module and an emergency cooling module. The water supplementing module comprises a first pipeline, a water tank, a water pump and a second pipeline; the emergency cold supply module comprises a third pipeline, a water supply flow distribution unit, a heat exchanger, a fan, a water return flow distribution unit and a fourth pipeline; in the first working state, the other end of the first pipeline is connected with a water replenishing port of the liquid cooling system and is used for replenishing water for the liquid cooling system; and in the second working state, the other end of the first pipeline is connected with the other end of the third pipeline, the other end of the second pipeline is connected with the other end of the fourth pipeline, and the water supply flow distribution unit and the w