Method for separating and enriching rare earth elements in fly ash

The invention relates to the field of coal-based solid waste utilization, in particular to a method for separating and enriching rare earth elements in fly ash, which comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly mixing fly ash with lime slurry, and carrying out heat treatment to obtain a pretreated product; (2) crushing the pretreated product and uniformly mixing with chlorate to obtain a mixture; (3) carrying out heat treatment on the mixture, and volatilizing to generate gaseous rare earth chloride; and (4) condensing and separating the gaseous rare earth chloride to obtain the rare earth chloride. By means of pretreatment in advance, rare earth elements in the fly ash can be dissociated from aluminosilicate, so that the rare earth elements are fully exposed, the subsequent chlorination reaction of the rare earth elements is facilitated, and the content of the rare earth elements in the product is increased; the pretreatment product and chlorate are mixed and subjected to heat treatment, gaseous rare earth