Ionosphere data real-time acquisition and compression method, device, chip and system

The invention relates to the technical field of space plasma research and space physics science, and discloses an ionosphere data real-time acquisition and compression method, device, chip and system, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a current signal of an ionosphere, and obtaining a volt-ampere characteristic curve according to the obtained current signal; performing discrete cosine transform on the volt-ampere characteristic curve to obtain a discrete cosine transform matrix, and taking the discrete cosine transform matrix as a sparse basis matrix; multiplying the current signal by a Bernoulli random matrix to obtain compressed signal data; and according to the Bernoulli random matrix, the sparse basis matrix and the compressed signal data, adopting a sparsity adaptive matching pursuit algorithm to realize decompression and reconstruction of the signal. The problem that the load data volume is too large is effectively solved, and the method can be flexibly suitable for the satellite load commun