Obstacle detection device, bogie and rail vehicle

The invention discloses an obstacle detection device, a bogie and a railway vehicle. The obstacle detection device comprises a detection cross beam and a detection mechanism, and the detection cross beam is used for receiving impact from an obstacle; the detection mechanism comprises a box body and a detection assembly, the box body is used for installing the detection assembly, the detection assembly at least comprises a plate spring, a pre-pressing piece and a travel switch, the pre-pressing piece is used for pre-compressing the plate spring, and the travel switch is used for detecting the movement of the detection cross beam and transmitting a signal to a controller; therefore, the rail vehicle is controlled to be braked. Compared with the prior art, the detection assembly disclosed by the invention is internally provided with the pre-pressing piece, and the pre-pressing piece can pre-compress the plate spring, so that false triggering caused by wheel track vibration can be avoided, and the reliability of