Rapid current limiting device

A rapid current limiting device disclosed by the present invention comprises an electromagnetic repulsion operation unit, a working unit and a signal acquisition unit, the electromagnetic repulsion operation unit comprises a mechanism shell, and a closing position holding permanent magnet, a magnetic holding disc and a separating position holding permanent magnet which are arranged in the mechanism shell, and repulsion discs are arranged on both sides of the magnetic holding disc. An opening electromagnetic repulsion coil is arranged at the closing holding permanent magnet, and a closing electromagnetic repulsion coil is arranged at the opening holding permanent magnet; the working unit comprises a wire inlet flange, a wire outlet flange, a vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber, an insulating pull rod and a current limiting reactor. According to the invention, the defect of energy loss caused by a series reactor type current limiting scheme in the prior art is changed, and zero-loss operation is realized; meanwhil