Carbon fiber microsphere-nano silicon composite material and preparation method thereof

The invention discloses a carbon fiber microsphere-nano silicon composite material which comprises a silicon carbon material, a carbon matrix framework of the silicon carbon material is modified carbon nanofibers, and one-dimensional carbon nano silicon particles are loaded on the carbon surface in a silane vapor deposition mode. The preparation method comprises the following steps: putting the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial into a mixed acid solution for soaking pretreatment, washing the surface-carboxylated one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial with water to be neutral, putting the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial into a dispersing agent, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a dispersion liquid A; granulating the dispersion liquid A through a spray drying method to obtain carbon particles B; carrying out deposition reaction on the carbon particles B, inert gas and silicon source gas under a high-temperature condition to obtain a silicon-carbon precursor C; and carrying out carbon coating rea