Aviation data bus rate adaptive decoding method and system

The invention provides an aviation data bus rate adaptive decoding method and system, and relates to the technical field of aviation data, and the method comprises the steps: receiving 429 aviation bus data to be decoded and converted, carrying out the AND-OR operation of the 429 aviation bus data, and storing the OR operation result; the bus bit time of the 429 aviation bus data is calculated, frequency division is carried out on the bus bit time, the bus bit time is stored in sampling intervals, sampling is carried out on the rising edge of each sampling interval once, and left shifting is carried out in real time to be stored in a shifting register; a shifting register sequence detection method is adopted to carry out adaptive rate decoding receiving on sampling values stored in a left shift mode in real time, the error-tolerant rate of the interval time of two sampling values is designed, when the transmission rate changes, more than half of the current n data sampling values is 1, more than half of the l