Self-assembly material for preventing and treating osteoporosis as well as preparation method and application of self-assembly material

The invention relates to a self-assembly material for preventing and treating osteoporosis and a preparation method and application thereof.The self-assembly material for preventing and treating osteoporosis comprises a targeting unit R3, a self-assembly unit R2 and a hydrophobic unit R1 which are sequentially connected through amido bonds, and R2 is from a multiple hydrogen bond polypeptide sequence; r3 is from a RANK targeting peptide and/or a RANKL targeting peptide; r1 is from alkyl carboxylic acid with 10 to 20 carbon atoms. The self-assembly material is self-assembled into nano-particles in vivo, and after the nano-particles are combined with a receptor RANK protein or RANKL protein, the nano-particles are changed into a fibrous network structure through binding force of a ligand and the receptor and molecular deformation to capture the receptor RANKL or RANK molecules, so that the combination of the RANKL and the RANK is competitively inhibited, the differentiation of osteoclasts is reduced, and the ef