Solar cell preparation method, solar cell and photovoltaic module

The embodiment of the invention relates to a solar cell preparation method, a solar cell and a photovoltaic module, and the method comprises the steps: providing a substrate which comprises a first surface and a second surface which are opposite to each other; doping first doping ions to the substrate from the first surface to form a first doped conductive layer; a passivation contact structure is formed on the second surface, the passivation contact structure comprises a second doped conductive layer doped with second doped ions, one of the first doped ions and the second doped ions is P-type ions, and the other one is N-type ions; at least one of the first surface and the surface, away from the substrate, of the passivation contact structure is cleaned, a cleaning agent adopted for cleaning at least comprises an alkaline solution and an additive, and the additive comprises at least one of a positive charge group and a negative charge group; an electrode is formed in ohmic contact with one of the first doped