Spacers for electrodes, electrode stacks and batteries, and systems and methods thereof

A battery includes an electrode assembly. The electrode assembly has a group of unit cells each including an electrode current collector layer, an electrode layer, a separator layer, a counter electrode layer, and a counter electrode current collector layer in a stack continuity. The electrode layer has an electrode active material, and the counter electrode layer has a counter electrode active material. One of the electrode active material and the counter electrode material is a cathode active material, and the other of the electrode active material and the counter electrode material is an anode active material. A subset of the group of unit cells includes a pair of spacer members between the electrode current collector layer and the counter electrode current collector layer. At least a portion of the counter electrode active material is located between the spacer members in a common plane defined by an x-axis and a z-axis. 一种电池包含电极组合件。所述电极组合件具有单位晶胞群，每一单位晶胞包含处于堆叠连续中的电极集电器层、电极层、隔板层、对电极层和对电极集电器层。所述电极层具有电极活性材料，