Blast furnace top device and charging and discharging method

The embodiment of the invention provides a blast furnace top device and a charging and discharging method, the device comprises a charging bucket, the charging bucket is used for loading furnace charge, a material pocket is annularly arranged in a washing area of the charging bucket, and the material pocket is used for bearing part of the furnace charge in the washing area in the charging process to form a charging bucket material cushion layer. A material pocket is arranged in the scouring area and can be used for bearing part of furnace charge in the charging process, under the condition that the material pocket reaches the bearing capacity, a material tank material cushion layer is formed, the furnace charge injected into the first material tank subsequently can directly scour the material tank material cushion layer, the furnace charge is prevented from being in direct contact with a wear-resisting lining plate corresponding to the scouring area of the first material tank, and the service life of the furn