Low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data optimization processing method of basis tracking algorithm based on FX prediction filtering

The invention provides a low-signal-to-noise-ratio seismic data optimization processing method of a basis tracking algorithm based on FX prediction filtering. The method comprises the following steps: 1) calculating a reflection coefficient r'by using the basis tracking algorithm; 2) performing FX prediction filtering on the r'obtained in the step 1) to obtain a filtered reflection coefficient r; (3) convolution is carried out on the obtained filtered reflection coefficient r and known wavelets, so that a synthetic seismic record d is obtained; 4) recalculating the initial value of the coefficient vector m; and 5) repeating the basis pursuit algorithm flow, and iterating the minimum objective function according to the latest initial value m obtained in the step 4) until a satisfactory result is obtained. According to the method, the seismic reflection coefficient profile resolution can be remarkably improved, the wave group characteristics are obvious, the continuity is enhanced, the regional structure form a