Device and method for detecting horizontal bearing capacity of large-tonnage photovoltaic stand column

The invention discloses a device and method for detecting the horizontal bearing capacity of a large-tonnage photovoltaic stand column, and the device comprises a displacement measurement reference pile, a stand column pile and a fixed frame, and the top of the stand column pile is provided with two groups of displacement sensors. Through adjustment cooperation of the telescopic lifting structure, adjustment can be conducted according to the height of the stand column pile, the force transmission rope and the adjusting fixing ring are made to keep horizontal and stable, the stand column pile horizontal detection precision is improved, the structure is simple, the occupied area is small, the adaptability to the site is high, and the inconvenience that a flat site needs to be selected for heavy load stacking and balancing in the prior art is abandoned; and in the test process, transmission cooperation of a speed change gear box is utilized, and a method of converting small force into large force is adopted, so