Centering device and centering method based on distance sensor

The invention discloses a centering device based on a distance sensor and a centering method. The centering device comprises a transverse movement assembly, a longitudinal movement assembly is connected to the transverse movement assembly in a sliding mode, a connecting block is connected to the longitudinal movement assembly in a sliding mode, an electric wire coil is connected to the bottom face of the connecting block, and a connecting rope is wound around the electric wire coil; the end, away from the electric wire coil, of the connecting rope is connected with a heavy hammer, the connecting rope is coaxially sleeved with an electric rope climbing device, and the electric rope climbing device climbs along the connecting rope between the heavy hammer and the electric wire coil. A transverse distance measuring assembly and a longitudinal distance measuring assembly are connected to the electric rope climbing device, the transverse distance measuring assembly comprises two first distance sensors which are ar