Sensing system of distributed optical fibers and sensing method thereof

The invention discloses a distributed optical fiber sensing system, which comprises a control module, a sensing module, a measuring module, a signal transmission module, a signal processing module and a self-checking module, and is characterized in that the control module controls the whole optical fiber sensing process, the sensing module collects signals, the measuring module measures optical fiber sensing data, and the signal transmission module transmits the optical fiber sensing data to the signal processing module; the deformation detection unit is used for comparing external images of a detected object, the signal transmission module is used for transmitting signals acquired by the optical fiber, the signal processing module is used for processing the signals, and the self-detection module is used for detecting bending and loss conditions of the detected object. The optical fiber sensing power difference is detected and calculated through the loss detection unit, deformation of a detected object and op