Vehicle-mounted continuously welded rail three-dimensional displacement measurement method and device based on machine vision

The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted seamless track steel rail three-dimensional displacement measurement method and device based on machine vision, and the device consists of a mark (1) on a steel rail, a mark (2) at a reference position outside a track, and a video calculation host (3) installed on a track vehicle. The video computing host (3) is formed by combining a spectroscope (4), a camera (5), a displacement computing unit (6) and a shell (7) with a damping support, the video computing host (3) is installed on the lower portion of the rail car, and the video computing host and the mark (1) and the mark (2) form an angle close to 90 degrees. The spectroscope (4) is installed in front of a lens of the camera (5), and the camera (5) can simultaneously shoot images of the mark (1) and the mark (2) through the spectroscope. The displacement calculation unit (6) calculates the relative position of the mark (1) and the mark (2) according to the image. The variation of the relative position of the mark (