Ultrafast diffraction imaging system and method and storage medium

The invention discloses an ultrafast diffraction imaging system and method and a storage medium, the ultrafast diffraction imaging system comprises a laser generation module, a time stretching module, a coding module, an image acquisition module and a control processing module, the laser generation module is used for emitting laser; the time stretching module is in light path connection with the laser generation module and is used for stretching the laser into a time data stream; the encoding module is in optical path connection with the time stretching module and is used for encoding according to the time data stream to obtain an encoding matrix; the image acquisition module is connected with the coding module and is used for shooting the coding matrix to obtain an observation image; and the control processing module is in communication connection with the laser generation module and the image acquisition module, and is used for performing phase reconstruction according to the observation image sent by the i