Railway track drilling machine and drilling method

The invention relates to the technical field of drilling machines, in particular to a railway track drilling machine and a drilling method, and aims to solve the problems of inaccurate drilling pitch and incapability of mounting caused by sliding of track wheels and accumulative errors. The railway track drilling machine comprises a left walking mechanism, a telescopic mechanism and a right walking mechanism. The left walking mechanism and the right walking mechanism are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the telescopic mechanism and connected with the telescopic mechanism. The left walking mechanism comprises a drilling assembly, and the drilling assembly comprises a horizontally-arranged punching drill and a positioning pin. The punching drill is used for punching a mounting hole in a rail, and the positioning pin and the punching drill are coaxially arranged and can be inserted into the mounting hole; the telescopic mechanism can push the left walking mechanism and the right walking mechanism to mo