Device and method for testing influence of shield tunnel excavation on adjacent foundation pit

According to the test device and test method for the influence of shield tunnel excavation on the adjacent foundation pit, the test device comprises a model box, a tunnel excavation face control system, a foundation pit model, a water level control system, a water pressure monitoring system and a model monitoring system, the tunnel excavation face control system is located on the inner side of the front face of the model box, and the foundation pit model is located in the model box; on the side of the tunnel excavation face control system, the water level control system is mainly arranged below the model box; the test method comprises the following steps: by controlling the pressure and flow of water, observing the displacement rule of the soil body caused by tunnel excavation under the seepage confined water condition through the organic glass plate, and reading the monitoring data of the soil body and the foundation pit model. According to the invention, the test process and the change of a soil layer can b