Current breaking device, control method thereof and direct current power transmission and distribution system

The invention provides a current breaking device, a control method thereof and a direct current power transmission and distribution system. The current breaking device comprises a first through-flow branch, a second through-flow branch, a first transfer branch, a second transfer branch, an energy consumption branch, a reactor and a self-excitation module, wherein the first through-flow branch comprises a first mechanical switch; the second through-flow branch comprises a second mechanical switch; the second transfer branch comprises a capacitor; the energy consumption branch comprises energy absorption equipment; the reactor is arranged in the first through-current branch and/or the first transfer branch and/or the second transfer branch; the self-excitation module is arranged in the first through-flow branch or the first transfer branch or the second transfer branch; when a short-circuit fault occurs in a power line, the self-excitation module outputs a pulse square wave voltage, excites the capacitor and th