Single-exposure compressed sensing passive three-dimensional imaging system and method

The invention discloses a single-exposure compressed sensing passive three-dimensional imaging system and method. The system comprises an optical calibration unit, an optical detection unit and an electrical unit, the optical calibration unit is used for generating a highlight spot target during optical calibration and imaging the highlight spot target to the electrical unit; the optical detection unit is used for imaging a to-be-detected target to the electrical unit during optical detection; the electrical unit is used for controlling switching of different depths during optical calibration and obtaining a system point spread function in combination with light intensity distribution information corresponding to imaging of a highlight spot target at different depths displayed by the optical calibration unit, and then a measurement matrix based on different depths is constructed; and the processor is also used for acquiring light intensity information of the to-be-detected target during optical detection, and