Fixed bed heavy oil hydrogenation process

The invention discloses a fixed bed heavy oil hydrogenation process which comprises the following steps: mixing a heavy oil raw material with hydrogen, feeding the mixture into an up-flow reaction zone for hydrodemetallization reaction, and then feeding the mixture into a fixed bed reaction zone for hydrodesulfurization, nitrogen and carbon residue reaction; wherein in the up-flow reaction zone, ultrasonic waves and microwaves act at the same time, the actual metal deposition amount of an up-flow catalyst is measured every a period of time, and the power of the ultrasonic waves and the microwaves is adjusted. Through a special control mode, the bed expansion rate of the up-flow reaction zone is kept within an ideal range, the radial temperature difference is reduced, the catalyst deactivation speed of the up-flow reaction zone is delayed, and the operation period of the fixed bed heavy oil hydrogenation device is prolonged. 本发明公开了一种固定床重油加氢工艺，包括如下内容：重油原料与氢气混合进入上流式反应区，进行加氢脱金属反应，然后再进入固定床反应区进行加氢脱硫、氮和残炭反应；其中上流式反应区