Data flash-back query or flash-back recovery method based on multi-version timestamp sorting mechanism

The invention discloses a data flash-back query or flash-back recovery method based on a multi-version timestamp sorting mechanism, which belongs to the field of distributed database backup and recovery, and comprises the following steps: respectively storing metadata and user data in a distributed database into a database storage module; and when any one of the metadata and the user data is changed by the transaction entering the distributed database, the changed data and the timestamp associated with the current transaction are stored in the database storage module together. The mode of separately storing the metadata and the user data is adopted in the storage module, so that the management of historical data is simplified, and no extra space needs to be occupied for storing operation logs; historical data are periodically cleared by setting an effective time range, space occupation of data storage is reduced while effective management of historical versions is realized, and flash-back query of a plurality