Variable flow distribution control device and method for engine cylinder cover water jacket

The invention relates to a variable flow distribution control device and method for an engine cylinder cover water jacket, the variable flow distribution control device is arranged on a connecting part of an upper water jacket and a lower water jacket of an engine cylinder cover and comprises a spring seat and a shell, the spring seat is embedded on the cylinder cover, a spring is arranged on the spring seat, and the spring is fixedly connected with an adjusting piston; the adjusting piston is sleeved with a shell, a high-pressure air chamber is arranged between the shell and the adjusting piston, and an air inlet communicated with the high-pressure air chamber is formed in the shell. A high-pressure air chamber directly formed by the shell and the adjusting piston provides different driving pressures according to working condition requirements under the action of an external high-pressure air pressure adjusting control system so as to adjust the stroke and the position of the piston; the communication sectio