Lightning positioning optimization method and system for correcting influence of terrain and geological parameters on lightning electromagnetic wave propagation, and medium

According to the thunder and lightning positioning optimization method and system for correcting the influence of terrain and geological parameters on thunder and lightning electromagnetic wave propagation and the medium, the method comprises the following steps: gridding a peripheral area of a thunder and lightning detection station participating in thunder and lightning positioning, and simulating and calculating each grid point as a thunder and lightning initial position by using a ground and ionosphere electromagnetic wave propagation model; the time delay correction value and the parameter correction coefficient of the lightning electromagnetic wave waveform propagating from the initial lightning stroke position to the lightning detection station under the conditions of not considering the terrain and geological parameters and considering the terrain and geological parameters; when the closest lattice points are found in the time delay correction table and the parameter correction coefficient table corre