Synchronous data acquisition system and method for track inspection system

The invention discloses a synchronous data acquisition system and method for a subway rail inspection system. The synchronous data acquisition system comprises an MCU processor, a speed encoder, an inertial navigation sensor, a clock module, an acceleration acquisition module, a contour acquisition module and a PC upper computer, the MCU processor is used for acquiring a real-time clock through the clock module so as to synchronously receive data acquired by the speed encoder, the inertial navigation sensor and the acceleration acquisition module, summarizing the data into a frame and transmitting the frame together with clock information to the PC upper computer; and the PC upper computer is used for receiving the data synchronously received by the MCU processor and the data acquired by the contour acquisition module in real time, and synchronizing and unpacking the received data through clock information. According to the invention, the MCU processor is adopted to receive the data collected by each sensor i