Method for preparing transition metal Mo-based materials of different sizes through precise confinement path and application of transition metal Mo-based materials

The invention belongs to the technical field of nano confinement, and provides a method for preparing transition metal Mo-based materials with different sizes through an accurate confinement path and application of the transition metal Mo-based materials in order to solve the problem that spatial separation of single metal atoms, metal nano-clusters, nano-dots and nano-particles in a carbon support structure is still difficult at present. The preparation method comprises the following steps: coating polymer hydrogel on a carbon carrier in situ, and cross-linking through a symmetric cross-linking agent to prepare a molybdenum-containing substance in a supramolecular cage; by precisely limiting the use amount of heteropoly acid, transition metal-based materials of different sizes supported by the carbon substrate are obtained. According to the method, transition metal nanostructures with different scales are accurately prepared in the upper limit domain of the carbon substrate, and the sensing catalytic perform