Vulnerability detection device and method for optical power limiter of quantum secret communication system

The invention discloses a vulnerability detection device and method for an optical power limiter of a quantum secure communication system, and the device comprises an attack module, a first photoelectric detector, an optical beam splitter, a second photoelectric detector, a third photoelectric detector, a circulator, a quantum generation module, and an attenuator. The light passes through the circulator and the attenuator and then is detected by the photoelectric detector III; in the reverse direction, the quantum signal of Alice reaches the optical power limiter after passing through the circulator, and finally is detected by the photoelectric detector I through the optical beam splitter; and the detection values of the three photoelectric detectors are obtained by continuously adjusting the laser power and the time interval of Eve. According to the invention, by simulating the behavior of an attacker, the threshold values of an attack device for injecting laser in quantum channels of two legal communication